Everything about Maurice Rouvier totally explained
Maurice Rouvier (
April 17,
1842 -
June 7,
1911) was a
French statesman.
Biography
He was born in
Aix-en-Provence, and spent his early career in business at
Marseille. He supported
Léon Gambetta's candidature there in 1867, and in 1870 he founded an anti-imperial journal,
L'Egalité. Becoming secretary general of the prefecture of Bouches-du-Rhône in. 1870-71, he refused the office of prefect. In July
1871 he was returned to the National Assembly for Marseille at a by-election, and voted steadily with the Republican party. He became a recognized authority on finance, and repeatedly served on the Budget Commission as reporter or president.
At the general elections of
1881 after the fall of the
Jules Ferry cabinet he was returned to the chamber on a programme which included the separation of Church and State, a policy of decentralization, and the imposition of an income-tax. He then joined Gambetta's cabinet as minister of commerce and the colonies, and in the 1883-85 cabinet of Jules Ferry he held the same office. He became premier and minister of finance on 31 May 1887, with the support of the moderate republican groups, the Radicals holding aloof in support of
General Boulanger, who began a violent agitation against the government.
Then came the scandal of the decorations in which President
Grévy's son-in-law
Daniel Wilson figured, and the Rouvier cabinet fell in its attempt to screen the president. Rouvier's opposition in his capacity of president of the Budget Commission was one of the causes of the defeat of
Charles Floquet's cabinet in February 1889. In the new Tirard ministry formed to combat the Boulangist agitation, he was minister of finance. He kept the same post in the
Freycinet,
Loubet and
Ribot cabinets of 1890-93. His relations with
Cornelius Herz and the baron de Reinach compelled his retirement from the Ribot cabinet at the time of the
Panama scandals in December
1892.
Again, in
1902, he became minister of finance, after nearly ten years in exclusion from office, in the Radical cabinet of
Émile Combes; and on the fall of the Combes ministry in January 1905 he was invited by the president to form a new ministry. In this cabinet he at first held the ministry of finance. In his initial declaration to the chamber the new premier had declared his intention of continuing the policy of the late cabinet, pledging the new ministry to a policy of conciliation, to the consideration of old age pensions, an income-tax, separation of Church and State. Public attention, however, was chiefly concentrated on foreign policy. During the Combes ministry
Theophile Delcassé had come to a secret understanding with
Spain on the Moroccan question, and had established an understanding with England. His policy had aroused German jealousy, which became evident in the asperity with which the question of Morocco was handled in
Berlin.
At a cabinet meeting on
June 5 Rouvier is said to have reproached the Foreign Minister with imprudence over Morocco, and after a heated discussion Delcassé resigned. Rouvier himself took the portfolio of foreign affairs at this crucial point. After critical negotiations, he secured on
July 8 an agreement with Germany accepting the international conference proposed by the sultan of Morocco on the assurance that Germany would recognize the special nature of the interest of France in maintaining order on the frontier of her Algerian empire. Lengthy discussions resulted in a new convention in September, which contained the programme of the proposed conference, and in December M. Rouvier was able to make a statement of the whole proceedings in the chamber, which received the assent of all parties. Rouvier's government didn't long survive the presidential election of
1906. The disturbances arising in connection with the Separation Law were skilfully handled by
Georges Clemenceau to discredit the ministry, which gave place to a cabinet under the direction of Sarrien.
He died in
Neuilly-sur-Seine.
Changes
30 November 1887 – Armand Fallières succeeds Mazeau as interim Minister of Justice, remaining also Minister of the Interior.
Maurice Rouvier - President of the Council and Minister of Finance
Théophile Delcassé - Minister of Foreign Affairs
Maurice Berteaux - Minister of War
Eugène Étienne - Minister of the Interior
Joseph Chaumié - Minister of Justice
Gaston Thomson - Minister of Marine
Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin - Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship
Joseph Ruau - Minister of Agriculture
Étienne Clémentel - Minister of Colonies
Armand Gauthier de l'Aude - Minister of Public Works
Fernand Dubief - Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
Changes
6 June 1905 - Rouvier succeeds Delcassé as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
17 June 1905 - Pierre Merlou succeeds Rouvier as Minister of Finance.
12 November 1905 - Eugène Étienne succeeds Berteaux as Minister of War. Fernand Dubief succeeds Étienne as Minister of the Interior. Georges Trouillot succeeds Dubief as Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
Further Information
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